The NHS has issued an urgent warning about omeprazole, one of Britain's most commonly prescribed heartburn medications. The health service cautions against taking the drug for longer than two weeks without medical supervision, amid concerns about widespread overuse.
Omeprazole belongs to a class of medications called proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which reduce stomach acid by blocking enzymes in the stomach lining. These medications treat acid reflux, heartburn, stomach ulcers, and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). Around 15% of the UK population currently uses PPI medications, with 73 million NHS prescriptions issued in recent years.
NHS Warning Details
The health service's official guidance states clearly: "Do not take omeprazole for longer than two weeks if you bought it without a prescription. See a GP if your symptoms get worse or do not get better."
This warning addresses growing concerns about patients self-medicating with over-the-counter versions for extended periods. PPIs can also be prescribed alongside antibiotics to treat Helicobacter pylori stomach infections, but require proper medical monitoring.
According to the Express, the NHS guidance page was last reviewed on September 17, 2025, with the next review scheduled in three years. The health service emphasises the importance of medical supervision for anyone requiring treatment beyond the two-week limit.
Serious Health Risks
Long-term use of PPIs significantly increases the risk of contracting Clostridioides difficile, a dangerous bacterial infection. This bacterium can cause severe intestinal infections, leading to diarrhoea, stomach pain, fever, and loss of appetite.
The infection primarily affects elderly patients and those with weakened immune systems. The Express reports that extended omeprazole use can also cause serious side effects including weakened bones and vitamin B12 deficiency.
Clostridioides difficile occurs when antibiotics disrupt normal gut bacteria balance, allowing harmful bacteria to multiply and produce toxins. The condition can spread through spores that survive on contaminated surfaces.
Proper Usage Guidelines
Omeprazole typically comes in tablet, capsule, or liquid form and should be taken at the same time each day. The NHS recommends taking it with or without food, but tablets marked "enteric coated" or "gastro resistant" must not be chewed or crushed.
Dosage and treatment duration depend on the specific condition being treated. Some patients may need the medication for only a few days, while others require months or years of treatment under medical supervision.
Common Side Effects
Common side effects include headaches, stomach pain, nausea, constipation, diarrhoea, and increased flatulence. The medication typically does not affect driving ability, though patients experiencing dizziness or vision problems should avoid driving until symptoms resolve.
The NHS advises consulting a pharmacist for alternative methods if patients have difficulty swallowing pills or capsules. Anyone experiencing persistent symptoms should seek medical advice rather than continuing self-medication beyond the recommended timeframe.
Sources used: "Daily Star", "Belfast Live", "Daily Record", "Express" Note: This article has been edited with the help of Artificial Intelligence.
